The heaviest event was the Circassian genocide in 1872. From 1894–1896, in an effort to islamize the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdul Hamid II ordered the killing of ethnic Armenians (along with other Christian minorities) living in the Ottoman Empire, based on their religion.
What are examples of ethnic cleansing?
Examples of ethnic cleansing understood in this sense include the Armenian massacres by the Turks in 1915–16, the Nazi Holocaust of European Jews in the 1930s and ’40s, the expulsion of Germans from Polish and Czechoslovak territory after World War II, the Soviet Union’s deportation of certain ethnic minorities from …
Which groups were targets of ethnic cleansing?
The Serbs targeted Bosniak and Croatian civilians in areas under their control, in what has become known as “ethnic cleansing.” During the subsequent civil war that lasted from 1992 to 1995, an estimated 100,000 people were killed, 80 percent of whom were Bosniaks.
When was the last ethnic cleansing that took place on European soil?
On 11 July 1995, Bosnian Serb units captured the town of Srebrenica in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In less than two weeks, their forces systematically murdered more than 8,000 Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims) – the worst act of mass killing on European soil since the end of World War Two.
What causes ethnic cleansing?
Political elites seek to attain and/or build political power by exploiting nationalism and its need to create the domestic ‘other’ in order to foster solidarity among the dominant nationality. Especially during war and the transition from war to peace, this process can lead to ethnic cleansing.
What are the 3 human races?
The main human races are Caucasoid, Mongoloids (including Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, and American Indians, etc.), and Negroid. Khoisanoids or Capoids (Bushmen and Hottentots) and Pacific races (Australian aborigines, Polynesians, Melanesians, and Indonesians) may also be distinguished.
What does ethnic cleansing?
“Ethnic cleansing” has been defined as the attempt to get rid of (through deportation, displacement or even mass killing) members of an unwanted ethnic group in order to establish an ethnically homogenous geographic area.
What is a recent example of ethnic cleansing?
Some 300,000 people have fled Myanmar since violence flared anew in the western state of Rakhine, where military reprisals appear to be a “textbook example of ethnic cleansing.” By the latest estimates, roughly 313,000 refugees have fled Myanmar across the border into Bangladesh in a span of just over two weeks.
Why was there ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia?
In the report, the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Herzegovina was singled out and described as a political objective of Serb nationalists who wanted to ensure control of territories with a Serb majority as well as “adjacent territories assimilated to them”.
How can ethnicity cause conflict?
Ethnic conflict arises if ethnic groups compete for the same goal—notably power, access to resources, or territory. … Ethnic identity is created by social interactions between individuals and groups and remains therefore beyond a person’s choice, but it is subject to change if the social conditions change.
Is ethnic cleansing legal?
Ethnic cleansing has not been recognized as an independent crime under international law. The term surfaced in the context of the 1990’s conflict in the former Yugoslavia and is considered to come from a literal translation of the Serbo-Croatian expression “etničko čišćenje”.
What led to the Bosnian genocide?
Starting in April 1992, Serbia set out to “ethnically cleanse” Bosnian territory by systematically removing all Bosnian Muslims, known as Bosniaks. Serbia, together with ethnic Bosnian Serbs, attacked Bosniaks with former Yugoslavian military equipment and surrounded Sarajevo, the capital city.
What happened in Bosnia 25 years ago?
The Srebrenica massacre (Bosnian: Masakr u Srebrenici / Масакр у Сребреници), also known as the Srebrenica genocide (Bosnian: Genocid u Srebrenici / Геноцид у Сребреници), was the July 1995 genocide of more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men and boys in and around the town of Srebrenica in July 1995, during the Bosnian War.
What are the causes of ethnic conflict in Africa?
In short, the root causes of the armed ethnic violence in these three regions can be attributed to non-inclusive political systems, marginalization and neglect, monopolization of state resources, and exclusion of citizens, coupled with environmental disasters and increased competition over limited resources of the …
Whats is ethnicity?
A person’s ethnicity is their ethnic traits, classification, or association. … Usually, ethnicity is a collective noun, but in the singular, an ethnicity is a particular ethnic group. The adjective ethnic relates to large groups of people who have certain racial, cultural, religious, or other traits in common.
Where are the Rohingya from?
The Rohingya people (/roʊˈhɪndʒə, -ɪn-, -ɪŋjə/) are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar (previously known as Burma). Before the displacement crisis in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh, an estimated 1.4 million Rohingya lived in Myanmar.